Line two baking sheets with parchment paper. Set aside.
Mix the butter, brown sugar, cinnamon, cardamom, and salt together in a medium bowl.
Roll the dough out onto a lightly floured surface until it is an 11x17-inch rectangle.
Spread the cinnamon filling evenly over the dough. Go all the way to the edges.
Fold the rectangle in half lengthwise.
Slice the dough into 15-18 strips. Slice each two-thirds of the way up so they resemble pants. Twist each pant leg three times, then twist the pant legs around each other.
Cover the buns with a tea towel. Let them rise for 45 minutes.
Preheat the oven to 425º F.
Brush the buns with egg wash.
Top with pearl sugar and/or sliced almonds (optional).
Bake for 8-10 minutes, rotating halfway through. Serve warm.